De Clementia (frequently translated as "On Mercy" in English) is a two volume (incomplete) hortatory essay written in AD 55-56 by Seneca the Younger, a Roman Stoic philosopher, to the emperor Nero in the first five years of his reign.

There are five possible inflections for mode: indicative, subjunctive, optative, interrogative, and gerundial. Separate indicative modes occur for present-past, future, habitual past, and past punctual. The optative mode can be split into monitive, intentive, and hortatory.

yk'oj'is" 'I'm going to go' The hortatory optative is marked by /a/, and usually uses /t/ as an allomorph of the optative marker.

The Rule opens with a hortatory preface, in which St.

Like the myth (the explanatory fable of nature) and the doctrinal fable, it has its independent religious and hortatory importance.