Altogether, I have never, on any occasion, made one at such a cosey, dosey, old-fashioned, time-forgotten, sleepy-headed little family-party in all my life; and I felt it would be quite a soothing opiate to belong to it in any character--except perhaps as a suitor.

14-Phenylpropoxymetopon (PPOM) is an opiate analogue that is a derivative of metopon which has been substituted with a γ-phenylpropoxy group at the 14-position.

Opiate replacement therapy has been a medical standard of treatment for opioid addiction for many years.

Other forms of treatment include replacement drugs such as suboxone/subutex (both containing the active ingredient buprenorphine) and methadone; these are used as substitutes for illicit opiate drugs.

Although these drugs perpetuate physical dependence, the goal of opiate maintenance is to provide a clinically supervised, stable dose of a particular opioid in order to provide a measure of control to both pain and cravings.

In the United States, opiate replacement therapy is tightly regulated in methadone clinics and under the DATA 2000 legislation.

Some have also attempted to use these drugs for maintenance treatment of former opiate addicts with little success.

Acupuncture has been shown to be no more effective than control treatments in the treatment of opiate dependence.

It can be triggered by painful crisis, respiratory infection, bone-marrow embolisation, or possibly by atelectasis, opiate administration, or surgery.