Thus it will be under nature; for within a confined area, with some place in the natural polity not perfectly occupied, all the individuals varying in the right direction, though in different degrees, will tend to be preserved.

When converted by subsidence into large separate islands there will still have existed many individuals of the same species on each island: intercrossing on the confines of the range of each new species will have been checked: after physical changes of any kind immigration will have been prevented, so that new places in the polity of each island will have had to be filled up by the modification of the old inhabitants; and time will have been allowed for the varieties in each to become well modified and perfected.

It can act only when there are places in the natural polity of a district which can be better occupied by the modification of some of its existing inhabitants.

I believe it can and does apply most efficiently (though it was a long time before I saw how), from the simple circumstance that the more diversified the descendants from any one species become in structure, constitution, and habits, by so much will they be better enabled to seize on many and widely diversified places in the polity of nature, and so be enabled to increase in numbers.

In any genus, the species which are already very different in character from each other, will generally tend to produce the greatest number of modified descendants; for these will have the best chance of seizing on new and widely different places in the polity of nature: hence in the diagram I have chosen the extreme species (A), and the nearly extreme species (I), as those which have largely varied, and have given rise to new varieties and species.

Within the same large group, the later and more highly perfected sub-groups, from branching out and seizing on many new places in the polity of nature, will constantly tend to supplant and destroy the earlier and less improved sub-groups.

This slowness follows from all the inhabitants of the same country being already so well adapted to each other, that new places in the polity of nature do not occur until after long intervals, due to the occurrence of physical changes of some kind, or through the immigration of new forms.

Carol A. Breckenridge (1942–2009) was an American anthropologist and Associate Professor of History at the New School for Social Research, author of many books and articles on colonialism and the political economy of ritual; state, polity, and religion in South India; society and aesthetics in India since 1850; culture theory; and cosmopolitan cultural forms.

Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil (also known by the appellation "18-Rabbit" or "Eighteen Rabbit"), was the 13th ajaw or ruler of the powerful Maya polity associated with the site of Copán in modern Honduras (its Classic Maya name was probably "Oxwitik").

Uaxaclajuun Ub’aah Kawiil was captured and beheaded by K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat, ruler of the small polity of Quirigua on May 3, 738.

It is unlikely that a polity only one tenth the size of Copan could overthrow centuries of regional hegemony by acting alone.

Stela I at Quirigua states that in 736, two years before Uaxaclajuun Ub’aah Kawiil’s defeat and two years after the inscription declaring Quirigua’s independence, K’ak’ Tiliw Chan Yopaat hosted a delegation from the polity of Calakmul, including its ruler Wamaw K’awiil.

This suggests that Calakmul played a role in Copan’s defeat, possibly even providing the armed forces necessary to overpower a polity the size of Copan.

Calakmul’s possible motives include control of important trade routes, but more importantly striking a blow against its rival polity Tikal, Copan’s greatest ally.

He took part in the editorial group who in 1601 met to bring the final volumes of Hooker's "Ecclesiastical Polity" into their published form.

These include the Westminster Confession of Faith, the Westminster Shorter Catechism, the Westminster Larger Catechism, the Directory of Public Worship, and the Form of Church Government, and represent the doctrine and church polity of the English and Scottish Reformation.

However, the popular perception of being a single polity varies greatly, depending on subject matter, locality and personal background.

NEPA fosters the spirit of economic nationalism and national industrialization, and promotes the protection of Filipino interests in the country's polity, economy, culture and environment, and proving once and for all that the Sick Man of Asia does not want to get healed.

In Persia, they were initially held off by Bahram Gur but around AD 483–85, they succeeded in making Persia a tributary state by defeating the Sassanid forces at the Battle of Herat where they killed the Sassanid king, Peroz I. After a series of wars in the period AD 503–513, they were driven out of Persia and completely defeated in AD 557 by Khosrau I. Their polity thereafter came under the Göktürks and subsequent Western Turkic Khaganate.

In 626 the Avars were ultimately defeated at Constantinople, after which Samo became the ruler of the first historically known Slavic polity, Samo's Tribal Union, which persisted until his death in 658.

About this time Hooker began to write his major work "Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity", a critique of the Puritans and their attacks on the Church of England and particularly the "Book of Common Prayer".

Thus the refutation of the enemy comes in the end to seem a very small thing, a by-product." It is a massive work, with its principal subject is the proper governance of the churches ("polity").

Strayer (2008), echoing Kreiser and Van Kley (1996), argues that the convulsionnaires' "democratic, congregational polity constituted a serious indictment of the established, hierarchical order in both Church and state.

By definition, all such groups are episcopal in polity, being led by bishops and priests who are assisted by deacons.

The original treatise consisted of one thousand chapters of law, polity, and pleasure given by Brahmā.